OCR IT National Level 2
4. Cyber-security and Legislation
4.2 The Impacts of a Cyber-security Attack on Individuals and Organisations
4.2 The Impacts of a Cyber-security Attack on Individuals and Organisations
Overview
The Impacts of a Cyber-security Attack on Individuals and Organisations
A cyber-security attack can cause serious problems for both people and organisations. It can lead to data destruction, where important files are permanently deleted.
Data manipulation changes information to make it false or misleading. Data modification involves altering files or records without permission.
Data theft happens when information is stolen, whether it is being sent (in transit) or stored (at rest).
A Denial of Service (DoS) attack can stop authorised people from using systems or websites.
Identity theft is when criminals steal personal details to pretend to be someone else, often to commit fraud.
These attacks can cause loss of money, damage reputations, and create mistrust. Businesses may lose customers, and individuals can face stress and financial problems. Understanding the different types of attacks helps people and organisations take action to protect themselves.
Permanently deletes important files or information
Can stop a business or person from accessing needed data
May cause loss of work, records, or evidence
Changes information to make it false or misleading
Can damage trust in systems or organisations
May affect decisions based on altered data
Alters files or records without permission
May involve adding, removing, or changing details
Can cause mistakes, fraud, or system errors
Stealing information while it is stored or being sent
Can include personal data, passwords, or company secrets
Often used for fraud or sold to others
Criminals steal personal details to pretend to be someone else
Often used to commit fraud or open accounts in another person’s name
Can lead to financial loss and reputational damage