Summary

IP addressing and MAC addressing are fundamental concepts in computer networks. 

An IP address (e.g., IPv4 or IPv6) is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each device connected to a network, allowing data to be transmitted across the internet. 

A MAC address is a hardware-based identifier specific to the Network Interface Card (NIC) on a device's motherboard. 

When data is sent over a network, it is broken down into small packets, each containing the recipient's IP address. Routers use routing tables to determine the best path for packets to reach their destination. IP addresses enable global connectivity, while MAC addresses ensure data reaches the correct device within the local network.